Испанската коледна лотария- El Gordo
Испанската коледна лотария „El Gordo“, която се провежда винаги на 22 декември и започва в 9:00 часа, е най- богатата лотария в света. Всяка година тя раздава над 2 млрд. евро и пълни държавната хазна.
Първоначално, обаче, идеята е била друга- със събраната печалба да се купуват патрони и оръжия, за да се прогонят френските войски, обсадили през 1812 година испанския град Кадис- последният редут на независимото испанско правителство в завладяната от Наполеон Испания.
„…в Кадис са прибягнали до лотарията, за да да се справят с разходите, свързани с войната срещу Наполеон. Идеята е на капитан Хервасио Гаска, за да се набавят ресурси за засилване на отбраната“.
Въпреки че коледната лотария все още не е съществувала в този си вид, идеята за национална лотария не е нова. Има доказателства, че лотарии са били провеждани още през XVII век.
„За първи път се е провела в Севиля през 1809 г., когато в града се е било разположило испанското правителство и се е борило срещу наполеоновия Мадрид“.
Малко след това френският император поставя на трона брат си Йосиф I. До тогава лотарията е била средство, чрез което са се набавяли провизии за войната.
През 1812 г. се провежда публичен конкурс за произвеждането на 25 000 дървени топчета „Boge“, като за участници са били поканени всички майстори- дърводелци от град Кадис. Конкурсът е бил спечелен от майстора на музикални инструменти Антонио Банети, чиито магазин се намирал на Плаза де лас Ниевес. Той се наел да достави надлежно пробитите и номерирани дървени топчета в периода между 15 и 20 декември.
Банети удържал на обещанието си и първият специален коледен жребий на Националната лотария се е провел в Кадис на 18 декември 1812 г. Тогава номер 03604 печели 8000 риала, като билета е струвал 40 риала. Преди това тегленето на лотарията не се е извършвало с топки и сфери, а с навити билети, които са се поставяли в една торба и са се теглили ръчно.
Две години и половина след падането на обсадата на Кадис се провежда първата коледна лотария, която вече се е била разпространила по целия Иберийски полуостров.
През март 1814 година град Кадис е бил за последен път домакин на лотарията, защото седалището ѝ се мести в Мадрид. В днешно време Коледната лотария се е превърнала в институция и един от символите на испанската Коледа. Тегленето ѝзапочва винаги в 9:00 часа. Провежда се в мадридския Кралски театър и се предава директно по телевизията. Топките в двете сфери са с около 100 000 номера и всяка година се теглят от учениците на училище „Сан Илдефонсо” в Мадрид. Две от децата пеят цифрите на номерата, които са печеливши, а голямата награда (El Gordo) от около 4 млн. евро, се дели между всички, които са си купили билети с този номер.
Успех на всички, закупили билети за коледната лотария!
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